Editing day 2

Today, I continued with my edit, I looked at my grandad’s interview and I had to do some things to it so I could change it round and make it look better and so it fits in with the interview conventions, I spoke about this when I did my Interview with grandad problem and how I will fix it when editing. I flipped it by 100% so he was looking the other way so it  looks like he has more looking room than he did originally. I then had to had to change the scales of the shot which means that I was positioning my shot so that it looks more like an interview and that the shot was meant to look like that.

This interview needed a lot of editing because it didn’t have many of the interview conventions that I talk about in my Filming interviews with one camera where I talk about the types of shots I need to film and using the techniques I got from looking at previous documentaries with interviews with one person in and the types of shots I should be using when filming one person when they are telling a story.

When I continue the edit for this interview, I will have cutaways over it whilst he speaks so that most of the interview isn’t seen, maybe once or twice he will appear. I used cutaways in this because it hides the jump cuts and also they help the person who is speaking tell the story better, for example, when he talks about him going out and the pubs he went to, I would use shots I have of pubs and Mathew Street, I mentioned about the importance of cutaways and why I will use them throughout my work in Cutaways.

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I knew exactly what parts of my grandads interview I would be putting on to my timeline. I wrote a Transcript – Grandad interview so I knew what parts I needed, what cutaways I needed and where about to put them.

After editing my grandad’s part, I then began editing the voice over into my timeline. I had put it in the middle of the middle of the third clip so that I had a short montage before the introduction came in so I could put the soundtrack in before the speaking starts. I had to cut it using the blade tool because the person doing the voiceover kept taking breaths or would stutter which means I would have to cut it out to make it flow and to make it as short as possible so I don’t use as many cutaways so I can use the rest for the rest of my own work. The voiceover is one of the biggest techniques used in expository documentaries which I spoke about in Documentary techniques and I expanded my knowledge in my Idea Development – voiceover and I looked at the techniques they use in existing documentaries documentaries and how I will apply them into my own work.

I wrote the voiceover script a while back and where I will put each section and what order it will go in. I wrote it in linear order and I said what types of shots and cutaways I will have in each part in Voiceover Script.

I then began cutting the blank clip so I knew where about I needed to cut and replace with a clip whether it was an introduction of the contributors or just some cutaways to fill in the blank spaces. I placed a short title in as a place holder so I know where about I want to have my title to separate the introduction of the documentary and the introduction of the features guests.

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Theory problems

I have had a few problems and changes to my audience and documentary theories from the beginning of my project.

A problem I have had with my documentary theory that has changed since my Proposal was the Narrative Structure of my documentary. The narrative of my documentary was linear which goes from one interview to another without the same interviewee appearing on screen again apart from Frank who I have summarising the whole documentary at the end, I made this decision once I had all my shots and interviews done, this was so I could write the Voiceover Script. It starts with an introduction and ends with Frank finishing it off and his interview is the only one that is seen again on screen. Most documentaries don’t use the linear structure and usually go back to most interviewees throughout the films but mine doesn’t so it doesn’t meet all of the documentary conventions.

Another problem I have encountered was that my documentary was all positive and made the city only look good rather than having the negative sides of the city and there was no debates. In my proposal, I spoke about how the documentary will be two sides and I will talk about the culture and the development of the city but also discuss homelessness in the city. My documentary didn’t end up being a balanced documentary and it begins to look bias as it only has a positive outlook on the city. My idea changed as I began to do more research into the culture of the city and the history and after doing my Focus Group with Frank.

I didn’t do any vox pops to put into my documentary because I didn’t need any comments or opinions on anything because that’s what I had my interviews and voiceover for. A lot of Expository Documentaries use this technique in them but I only did Vox pops – primary research because I needed to use other sources to get more feedback on my audience. I am once again not using these documentary techniques, in my Pitch, I spoke about how I would use vox pops in my production so I am getting a wide range of opinions but that was when my documentary was balanced and I had different ideas.

Editing day 1

Today, I started editing my documentary. The first thing I did was put all of the footage I got and put it onto the computer then onto Final Cut Pro. The first thing I did was watch them all then I began dragging the clips I got of around town and dragged them onto the timeline and this will be the montage played in the introduction and I will put the voiceover on it when it has been edited in. These techniques I use straight away shows the audience that this is an expository documentary because it starts with a montage which is one of the most popular techniques used in the expository mode, this is discussed in Expository Documentaries – Bill Nichols.

This gives me a rough idea of how long I want the montage and introduction. I have opened it with a pan shot of Liverpool so that the audience will know straight away that the documentary is set in Liverpool.

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When I finished doing the montage at the beginning, I went straight onto Frank’s interview. I filmed his interview as a wide shot but I had to crop the right side of the interview and the top of his head. I had to crop the right side of the shot because there was too much room behind him and it looked like he didn’t have enough looking room on the left. I spoke about me having to do this when I come to editing after I filmed the interview in Interview with Frank 2.

There was too much head room so I cropped the top of his head. I cropped the right side by 453.7% because there was a lot I had to crop. The top of the shot I cropped by 140.0% and the bottom by 177.5%. I have had to crop the shot massively and move it around because it was shot in 4K and it is being edited in 1080p which means that I have more to choose from when it comes to editing, the shot is much bigger than what I use when it comes to editing, and it allows me to zoom. This had to be edited because the interview didn’t meet the conventions that I had discussed earlier on in this project in Idea Development – Interview and when I did my interview analysis in Interview analysis – Leaving Neverland.

I have started with Frank’s interview because I have decided that my documentary will be linear and will start with the history and him naming the most iconic attractions in Liverpool. I have spoke about how and why I have began editing my documentary in linear style in Documentary idea – visme. I spoke about my Narrative Structure which is linear style which was Frank at the beginning and opening on the most iconic attractions in Liverpool so that the audience already have an idea of what the documentary is about and what may be spoken about throughout it.

I wrote a Transcript – Frank Interview which was important so when it came to editing, I knew exactly what parts of the interview I was putting in to my timeline. This also helped me with what cutaways I used and where about I put them. His interview doesn’t last very long but the audience gets out what they need to know about the docks and the iconic attractions without any more information.

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Narrative Structure

The structure of my documentary is in the linear structure. I have stuck to the classic narrative structure of documentary which means that you will see one interviewee on screen at a time who are telling different stories.

It starts with Frank naming iconic attractions in the city then to him talking about the history of the Albert Dock, Frank isn’t seen until the end of the documentary when he is summarising the city and he wraps the whole thing up. This technique of bringing Frank back on to the screen at the end is breaking the linear narrative structure that I originally was originally having but Frank summarised it perfectly because he looked proud and happy whilst boasting about his city. I didn’t know that I was going to use Frank at the end until I did my transcript for his interview and I seen the way he looks and what he says and also mentions people from Liverpool. I could have stuck to the linear narrative right through it by having the voiceover wrapping it up and having a montage over it but I changed my mind because of how well Frank spoke and summarised it in a question without me asking to summarise Liverpool up.

It then goes straight to my grandad who is talking about a whole new thing which is growing up in Anfield then to Paul talking about the music then the voiceover talking about the football culture then Frank bringing the documentary to an end. This part of the documentary until the end is all in linear narrative structure which was my idea from the beginning.

 

Documentary idea – visme

In the introduction, I will have a voice over introducing the documentary so it will be explaining what it is about and who it will feature. I need to write the script once I have sorted out the interviews and got what I need. A montage will be played over the voice over of some of the most iconic places in Liverpool like the Liver Building, the cathedrals Mathew Street and the Docks. I will have music playing quietly in the background so its not just the voice over.

The first thing that will come after the introduction will be interviewee who is the historian who will start with talking about the iconic attractions in the city then he goes on to talking about docks and the history of them and then on to the development and then how the development benefitted the city whilst he is speaking, I will have archive and my own footage over so I will be showing the audience the development and how they had changed over the years and how they look now.

The interview will continue to go into the regeneration projects in the city including the Liverpool One and the Anfield Project and how they benefitted the city. Whilst he speaks, I will have cutaways over him then it will keep cutting back to Frank. From there, it will cut straight to my grandad who will be talking about growing up in Anfield and what the conditions were like. He talks about what he did when he went out on weekends and where he went. He also mentions the football, school, what he would do as a child and where he worked. He mentions at the end what Anfield ground and the football has done for Anfield and the money it has done by bringing in tourists. I will have cutaways of the Anfield stadium over it, just shots I filmed around Anfield and also pictures of my grandad when he was younger and when he would go out for drinks at the weekend.

I will then have a voiceover play after the part with my grandad and introduces the music segment of the documentary which will give a fact with cutaways over of The Beatles and Mathew Street. I will then introduce the musician – Paul McDonough. It will then cut to Paul who will begin by talking about how music started in the city and then onto about how the music in the city developed after The Beatles which will have cutaways of the city and Mathew Street after he mentions it. He will then close the interview with talking about the effect of music has had on the city.

After the interview is over, football of the city will be introduced and I won’t have an interview for this part because I will have had three interviews before this so the voiceover will just talk about the football in the city and talk about the effect it has had on the city talking equally as much about both teams rather than being biased and speaking about one team. I have got cutaways of around both football grounds that I knew what to get from when I did my research on the football culture earlier on in the project.

The last big part will be on the art. I will just have the voiceover talking about some of the most famous pieces of art int he city that I did research on. I will put cutaways of the art galleries, buildings and art in the city to put over the voiceover rather than having a blank screen but will also show the audience what is being spoken about and they can see it themselves.

The last part will be the voiceover introducing one of Liverpool’s citizen and they will talk about what they like about living in the city and what the different opportunities are in the city. He speaks about what opportunities there are in the city like for music because it is already well known for the music scene but also places to pay live music and the music colleges and universities. He also mentions the art galleries and colleges which I will have cutaways which relates to what he talks about so I don’t just have him on the screen the whole time.

The interview will close with Frank talking about how great the city is and why he loves it. He mentions some of the greatest places and attractions of the city and will have some shots over it but also cutting back to his interview because he looks so proud when he is talking and I want it to have that effect on the audience when they are watching the documentary.

I have decided to make my documentary linear style which means that it will go in order, starting from the history, going to my grandad talking about him growing up in Anfield and what he did which is also history with archive over. It then goes into talking about the music and football culture and how they developed in the city. It will then go onto the interview with my friend which sort of relates to the culture then it cuts to Frank summarising the documentary at the end.

I have created a visme which is a visual structure of my documentary. This will help me get more of a visual idea of the structure of how my documentary will go.

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End of week 15 reflection

I have done quite a lot this week. The first thing I did this week was do my Location recce and risk assessment – interview with Grandad in preparation before I have my interview with him because we are filming in his house and I as the director need to know what risks may occur and also this was created for the location details and my contact details for when I am out filming.

Later on in the same day, I had my Interview with Grandad and I spoke about the angles, mise en scene, the shots and the lighting and more. I included the questions that I asked in the interview.

The next day after watching the interview with my grandad, I noticed he was looking at the other side of the camera so it looked like he didn’t have much looking room and how I will have to try my best to edit as much as I can when I get to his interview in my work. I explained this in Interview with grandad problem.

I then created a Location recce and risk assessment – interview with friend because I was interviewing my friend the next day to talk about the opportunities in the city I put down my contact details in case of emergency and the location details which is Everton hills. I wrote down the risks possible that could occur because we were filming outside so it was very similar to the risk assessment I made for when I went out to film my cutaways.

I then had my Interview and questions with friend the next day on the opportunities there are in the city for musicians and artists and more. I discussed the location, the framing and the questions I asked him and why.

The Transcript – David interview I wrote the day of the interview after watching it. I pointed out the most appropriate details in the whole interview so the audience know about the most important points he makes.

Today, I wrote the Voiceover Script for the person doing the voiceover can read off when recording it. The scripts includes the different segments and what cutaways will be used and what interviews will be coming up.

I also did some research on Cutaways in documentaries and what they are used for. I have spoke about what they are used for and how and where I will use them in my own work.

The last thing did was Recording voiceover which was before, I explained what equipment I used to record it which was a zoom microphone and then who I got to do it for me.

Recording voiceover

I arranged with my uncle Dominic to record my voiceover for my production which will be used right throughout the documentary until the end. I wrote the Voiceover Script yesterday which he read today when we recorded it. He read the script from my iPad so that it was easier.

We used the Zoom Microphone to record the voiceover because I was use to this and I knew how to use it because I had used it in the past in previous projects. We filmed in a quiet room so there are no other sounds and you can only hear him speaking.

I listened back to it and the audio is loud and clear so when I go to college tomorrow I can put it into Final Cut Pro so that I can begin to put it into my edit with my interviews.

I did research into the importance of voiceovers and did some contextual analysis of voiceovers in documentaries in Idea Development – voiceover and where and how I will use it in my own work.

Call Sheets

Throughout my whole project, I had to go out to film cutaways and interviews so I had to make call sheets for my teachers for the teachers for the days I will be out filming. The call sheet informs them where and when I will be out filming. It also includes of who else will be in it so in interviews, it will have the directors name and the interviewees.

I have put each call sheet I have sent in order.

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Cutaways

I have done some research on cutaways and why they are needed and so important in documentary. I will be using lots of cutaways in my work over the voiceover and the interviews which gives my audience visual representation. They are so important in documentaries and a huge technique used in expository documentaries.

Cutaways helps when jumping from one part of an interview to another, this hides jump cuts.

Cutaways are individual shots of anything that is relevant to the interviews and the locations. They can be close up, medium and wide shots. They can be anything that captures the character of the location, says something related to the topic or communicates more information about the scene or helps tell a story more effectively, this makes a good cutaway. Getting as many cutaways as possible, even if they don’t seem to help to tell the story, because something will always be needed to cut away to in editing.

I used a book written by Anthony Q. Artis, called The Shut up and Shoot documentary Guide.

Google Books. (2019). The Shut Up and Shoot Documentary Guide. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yJ4TAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT262&dq=cutaways+in+documentary&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIxouZ9OHiAhV-RBUIHToXDh0Q6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=cutaways%20in%20documentary&f=false [Accessed 18 May 2019].

In my interviews, there are a lot of irrelevant parts and where they say ‘erm’ throughout them so I will cut them out which means there will be a lot of jump cuts, I know this from the transcripts I did for each interview, especially with my Grandad’s interview, he pauses a lot and he says erm a lot as well as rambling on so in my Transcript – Grandad interview, I have cut it right down so he is only speaking for about 45 seconds. I will have to use a lot of cutaways throughout his interview because there are so many jump cuts. When doing some research on the importance of cutaways in documentaries, I have discovered that they are used to solve these problems which helps it look continuous and has no pauses.

Lights Film School. (2019). How to Film a Documentary Interview | Lights Film School. [online] Available at: https://www.lightsfilmschool.com/blog/documentary-interview [Accessed 18 May 2019].

Cutaways are used as a bridge intercut shot between two shots for the same subject. It is also used to avoid a jump cut and used as a shortcut for the passing of time.

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Visual-memory.co.uk. (2019). The Grammar of TV and Film. [online] Available at: http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/gramtv.html [Accessed 18 May 2019].

The voiceover and the interviewees who also act as a voiceover when they aren’t on screen that is the narrative baseline of the documentary and they are the commentators and the cutaways are used to back up what they are saying. I found a book called Issues in Contemporary Documentary to back up my point and took a screenshot of it that gives more detail as to why cutaways are important and used to go with the narration.

In my documentary, I am going to use cutaways to anchor the meaning by using visuals that match the audio underneath for example, when Frank Carlyle talks about the iconic attractions like Mathew Street, I will need include the cutaways that I have shot to go over the audio in the edit to allow the audience to see what he is talking about as a visual representation.

Google Books. (2019). Issues in Contemporary Documentary. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HzcPuN6XCQIC&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=anchorage+of+meaning+in+film+cutaways&source=bl&ots=wLIMRFXN6g&sig=ACfU3U2WxWjyNZ5-lLSx2sh5G7J8RQkFvw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjekOb47PLiAhW3SEEAHabNB2YQ6AEwHnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=anchorage%20of%20meaning%20in%20film%20cutaways&f=false [Accessed 18 May 2019].

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Voiceover Script

I have written my voice over script before I film tomorrow. I have highlighted what the voiceover will say.

I did some research on voiceovers in documentaries and what they are there for and what they say, I also watched some documentaries and looked at examples of different voice overs.

The first thing I did was write my introduction by starting with the word Liverpool so I am letting the audience what the documentary will be about and I have stated that Liverpool is a city with a variety of cultures and a place of unfolding history.

I then introduced who was starring in it which was the historian, someone from Anfield, a musician and someone young living in Liverpool. I introduce it by saying what will be talked about and the in the documentary. I have gone through the interview with Frank to see what parts I want to have which are the most important points made like for Frank I have decided I only want him talking about the most iconic attractions which I will start his interview with then he will go on to talking about the docks opening in 1846 and what the benefits the docks have made for the city. I will play footage over the introduction in the voice over that I have filmed myself around Liverpool, I did research on where I was going to film so for Frank, he speaks about the docks and the history and the Anfield and Liverpool One generation so when I did research on that I knew I was going to go out and film different places in Liverpool One and Anfield as well as the Albert Dock.

I put into the script what was happening next so that I knew what order it was going in and how the voice over would fit into the different segments in the production.

There was no voiceover introducing my grandad because when Frank speaks about the Anfield Project it then goes straight to my grandad one what it was like when growing up in Liverpool. I introduced him in the introduction as ‘Anfield’s own’ so the audience already know who it is. I didn’t introduce him because the voiceover would’ve interrupted the part between Frank’s part and my grandads and when my grandad speaks it smoothly runs into his part because they are both on the same subject. I have done some filming around Anfield so that I can use cutaways over his interview so that the audience know what he is talking about.

I then wrote a piece after the interview with my grandad to introduce the music section in the documentary and the musician who I interviewed. I introduced the music by saying talking about its success and mentioning The Beatles then introducing the musician so that the audience know who is about to come on screen talking about the music of the city. I put some context in the script for the music part so that when the interviewee comes in so that he doesn’t have to give a whole introduction of the music in the city and because he doesn’t do this, the audience will find it easier to follow because of the context the voiceover has already given them which I spoke about in Reception Theory.

From the research I did on the music of Liverpool and watching the documentary with Paul, I went out and got shots of the music scene in Liverpool which was mainly Mathew Street and Seal Street but then of the M&S Arena in town which I will use as cutaways over the voiceover and the interview with Paul rather than have nothing on the screen or just having the whole interview of Paul on the screen.

I then put under the voiceover for the music part what will happen after the voiceover stops speaking which is going straight to the musician’s interview.

After the music segment, it then goes to the topic of the football culture in the city which is a huge part in the documentary because there is so much history on it. In the voiceover, I state that football in the city is a religion because it is so important and plays a huge role in the city. We give some history on the football that I have gotten due to research that I did at the beginning which will help me when it came to writing my voice over script. I used what I had researched and used it in this voice over and also to help me when I was going out filming around both football grounds which I did and then when it comes to editing my product, I can use the cutaways over the voice over of both grounds which will also show the audience what they are talking about.

The last big part of the voiceover is the art and culture of the city which is the information I got when I did research on it so when I was writing my script I referred back to my research and used that. I stated that Liverpool is well known for its rich history in regards to architecture, paintings and sculptures. I have mentioned some of the most famous pieces of art within the city and when I did research on this, I knew I was going to mention these so I went out and got footage of the art and also of the art galleries so I can use them shots as cutaways for when I begin editing and put them over the voiceover.

After this, I gave an introduction for theist interviewee who talks about what they. like about living in Liverpool and they discuss the different opportunities within the city. I got some more shots after having this interview, I will use them cutaways such as the art colleges, galleries and Mathew street so that the interviewee isn’t just on the screen.

I didn’t get the voiceover to bring the documentary, I am using Frank who explains of how great of a city Liverpool is and describes some of the iconic places in the city, he is happy in it and I decided that I wanted to use that at the end rather using a voiceover again but also have more than one Frank appearance.

Putting the script together wasn’t hard because I knew exactly what was being said in the interviews and I knew what each segment was about and using my research helped a lot especially when writing the part for the football and art parts.

I used this website to plan and type up my voiceover script:

Videomaker. (2019). Writing Effective Narration – Videomaker. [online] Available at: https://www.videomaker.com/article/f5/7356-writing-effective-narration [Accessed 18 May 2019].

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